Understanding the Four Phases of the Cycle of Domestic Violence

Domestic violence is not limited to a single isolated act: it often follows a repetitive cycle made up of well-defined phases.

Behind the appearance of calm, reconciliation, or even renewed love, lies a destructive spiral that traps the victim and reinforces the control of the abusive partner.

Understanding this cycle — from the honeymoon phase to the explosion, through the build-up of tension — is essential to recognizing it, preventing it, and intervening effectively.

1. The Honeymoon Phase

This phase may create a false impression of calm and renewed love. The abusive partner may be exceptionally attentive, give gifts, and promise to change.

According to Statistics Canada, while this phase may appear positive, it can actually be a manipulative strategy to keep the victim in the relationship. A 2021 study shows that this “calm before the storm” often conceals unresolved issues in the relationship.

2. Rising Tensions

Tension begins to build as communication breaks down and frustrations accumulate. The victim may feel that no matter their efforts, it is impossible to avoid conflict.

In Ontario, a 2020 study by the Centre for the Prevention of Family Violence found that this phase is often marked by a 15% increase in crisis hotline calls compared to the previous phase.

3. Explosion (Violence)

This is the phase where violence becomes explicit, whether physical, verbal, or psychological. According to the Ontario Provincial Police’s 2022 annual report, about 22% of reported incidents occurred in this phase—an alarming proportion that highlights the seriousness of the situation.

4. Reconciliation

In this phase, the abusive partner may apologize, downplay the violence, or deny its seriousness. They may promise never to repeat their actions or to seek help. However, without professional intervention, the cycle often repeats itself. It is crucial to seek professional support during this phase in order to break the cycle.

Recognizing the phases of the cycle of violence is vital for prevention and intervention. If you or someone you know is caught in such a cycle, it is important to reach out for help. Support services are available 24/7 to provide guidance and assistance.

Ressources :

• REFLEXION : Violence conjugale - 1-888-871-8349491-8881-888-871-83491-888-871-

• Assaulted Women’s Helpline – Free, 24/7 crisis line for women experiencing domestic violence, with multilingual services. 1-866-863-0511

• Victim Support Line (Ontario Victim Services) – Provincial helpline offering support, information, and referrals to local services. 📞 1-888-579-2888

• Sheltersafe.ca – Online directory to quickly find a safe emergency shelter anywhere in the province.