After trauma, the danger may be over, but the body and brain may continue to react as if it were still present. These reactions can be hard to understand. A person may think, “I should be over this by now.” Trauma responses are not a lack of willpower. They are often survival strategies that developed when safety was threatened.

When a friend is experiencing violence, it is natural to want to help immediately. However, many people feel unsure about what to do. Even if you cannot solve the situation for her, your support can make a real difference. Often, what a person needs most is not someone to tell her what to do, but someone who will listen without judgment.

Recognizing the signs of a controlling relationship helps protect your safety. Learn to identify warning signs and find supportive resources.